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WHAT IS A NETWORK OR IP ADDRESS?

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  WHAT IS A NETWORK OR IP ADDRESS?  Internet Protocol (IP) address is a unique numerical identifier for every device or network that connects to the internet. Typically assigned by an internet service provider ( ISP ), an IP address is an online device address used for communicating across the internet. There are two versions of IP addresses that are commonly used on the internet:  IPv4  and  IPv6 .   An IPv4 address is expressed as a set of  four dotted decimal numbers , where each  octet  is separated by a period, such as 192.168.35.4. The three digits in the first octet represent a particular network on the internet while the rest of the digits represent the actual  host  address within the local network, such as a workstation or a server.  An IPv6 address represents eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons, such as 2620:cc:8000:1c82:544c:cc2e:f2fa:5a9b.  How do IP addresses work? An IP address i...
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THE OSI LAYERS

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 THE OSI LAYERS Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer  Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer What is the meaning of OSI model?  - it is  The open systems interconnection (OSI) model  -  is a conceptual model created by the International Organization for Standardization which enables diverse communication systems to communicate using standard   protocols . In plain English, the OSI provides a standard for different computer systems to be able to communicate with each other. The OSI Model can be seen as a universal language for computer networking. It is based on the concept of splitting up a communication system into seven abstract layers, each one stacked upon the last. 1. Application Layer   It ensures an application can effectively communicate with other applications on different computer systems and networks.  The application layer is not an application. Instead, it is a component within an application t...
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TYPES OF NETWORK DEVICES

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TYPES OF NETWORK DEVICES A network device is a piece of hardware or software integral to communication between a computer and an internet network. Network devices play two roles. The first is establishing a network connection, as a router or a modem does. The second one is maintaining, protecting and enhancing that connection, as with a hub, repeater, switch or gateway. 1. Switches  -    A switch is a multiport device that improves network efficiency. Switches maintain limited routing information about nodes in the internal network, allowing connections to systems like hubs or routers. Strands of LANs are usually connected using switches. Generally, switches read the hardware addresses of incoming packets to transmit them to the appropriate destination. 2. Bridges -   Bridges connect two or more hosts or network segments by storing or hosting frames between them. Bridges use hardware MAC addresses for transferring frames. They can forward or block data with the ...
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